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== synopsis == Try to: * connect anything that can carry a voice channel, or, preferably, a data channel * feed from any (cheap/renewable) energy source * make it weather resistant and transportable * consider standards <gallery> image:guerilla_voip_in_use.jpg|Guerilla VoIP in active use (as a temporary set up of the space phone) image:guerilla_voip_big_big brother.jpg|After my setup was running, I came across a real world example: a defense set-up. I found the similarities hillarious. </gallery> == implementation == === connect anything that can carry a voice/data channel === * copper/fibre/WiFi network * DECT/POTS/GSM telephony * SIP/<abbr title="Skinny Call Control Protocol">SCCP</abbr> * HAM radio (or preferrably, <abbr title="Citizen's Band">CB</abbr> radio: 27MC/PMR) * copper/WiFi/USB uplink === feed from any energy source === cheap/renewable: * solar power support *: this is the easiest renewable energy source: panels are affordable and the sun is more ore less abundant. * battery backup support preferred *: a sealed lead acid (SLA) battery is affordable, easy to come by, easy to charge and maintenance free. Their downside is bulkiness and weight. 12V 7Ah is a good ratio between weight and energy. === weather resistant and transportable === Make sure the electronics are encased in a sturdy, weatherproof housing. It should also be easily transportable and affordable. The best thing that will apply is an ''ammo case'' from an army surplus shop. === consider standards === ==== electrically ==== * mains input: 100-250V~ 50-60Hz * internal voltage rails: ** 5V: standard for raspberry pi and some network devices ** 12V: battery 'standard' and standard for other network devices ** 48V: Power over Ethernet and telephony standard ==== connectors ==== * MC4 connectors: solar * Anderson powerpole plug: UPS * cigarette lighter plug (ANSI/SAE J563): cars * powerlet plug (ISO 4165): alternative/old cars and motorcycles * double banana plug (19mm/0.75" spacing): equipment standard === current version === The current version has: * ammo box * 7Ah SLA battery * banana/screw terminal * weatherproof ethernet outlet * 12-volt cigarette lighter receptacle * 3D printed insert * fuse box * switches for device targeting power and power state preview * Netgear GS110TP (8xPoE + 2xSFP) * a couple [[Telephone system:Cisco PoE hack]] cable, but the switch supports pre-standard PoE * electronics: *: 1 on-off-on momentarily 3-pole double throw: battery/external/outlet input and voltage rail status *: 3 on-off-on switch 1-pole double throw: source-destination rail (application/charge) *: 6 fuses (1, 1, 4, 4, 7.5, 7.5) for 5V rail, 10-15V rail, 48V rail, outlet, battery, ext. power *: 3 LEDs 2v 20mA *: 6 resistors (4x600R, 225R, 150R) *: 2 10W resistors (2R, 20R) *: 2 schottky diodes 4-10A *: 2 DC-DC converters (5V 3A, 48V 1.25A) *: 3 crowbar circuits (5V, 15V, 48V) === todo === * upload models and schematics * 3D print inlay for Switch/PI holder * install fuses and crowbar circuit * install state leds * install step-down converter 12->5V * install step-up converter 12v->48V * Raspberry PI or Orange PI * NL dialplan (FS/Cisco) == prototyping == === USB PD (USB-C) === It is possible to power the PoE switch with two USB-C powerbank for off-the-grid usage, ideal for a [[hackers on a bike]] tour. All you need is: * 2 USB-C powerbanks that supports 20V (like the [https://tweakers.net/pricewatch/1369296/xiaomi-mi-power-bank-3.html Xiaomi Mi Powerbank 3], sometimes as low as β¬35,- each) : ideally, pass-through/UPS USB-C power banks like the [https://www.zmi.com/collections/new-releases/products/powerpack-no-20-qb826g-25000-mah-backup-battery-210w-max-output Zmi PowerPack No. 20 Model QB826G] would be best, but they're 4 times as expensive * 2 USB-C to USB-C cables * 2 [https://www.ebay.com/itm/294691148942 ZY12PDN USB-C Fast Charge Trigger Poll Detector], set to 20V, connected in series (around β¬5,- each) * a barrel jack 5.5x2.5mm to power the switch See the PCB in [[Media:HoaB-upgrades.jpg|this picture]] to get an idea. Note that since the banks are connected in series, one shield/ground is lifted 20 volts; don't let any USB ground touch the other powerbank's ground in any way (also goes for the USB-A ports in this set-up; it will fail spectacularly)! === hardware === ==== connectivity/infra ==== {| class="wikitable" ! HW !! price range !! voltage !! power consumption !! copper/Gbit !! PoE !! fibre !! VLAN !! 2.4GHz !! 5GHz !! DSL !! ISDN !! POTS !! DECT !! USB |- | [[Fritz!Box]] 7270 || € 50-213 || 5.5-15v || 4.3W - 5.3W || 4/0 || || || ? || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || 2×FXS / 1×FXO || 5 (6?)<abbr title="handsets">hs</abbr> || 1×2.0 |- | [[GL-Inet]] || €22-30 || 5v || 1W || 2/0 || || || ✓ || ✓ || || || || || || 1×2.0 |- | [[TP WR-703n]] || €17-25 || 5v || 1W || 1/0 || || || ✓ || ✓ || || || || || || 1×2.0 |- | Netgear GS110TP || €126-140 (<abbr title="ordered on amazon.de with discount last May (2017)">€99.64</abbr>) || 48v || 4W || 8/8 || 8 || 2 || ✓ || || || || || || || |- | [http://nl.tp-link.com/products/details/cat-41_TL-SG108PE.html TP Link TL-SG108PE] || €65 || 48v || 5.2w || 8/8 || 4 || || ✓ || || || || || || || |- | [[Siemens_Gigaset#N510_IP_PRO|Siemens Gigaset N510 IP PRO]] || <abbr title="Bought at broadbandbuyer.co.uk Sep 2016">£53.94</abbr> (€65.39) || 6.5v || 1.2-1.3W || 1/? || <abbr title="supports PoE PD">✓</abbr> || || ✓ || || || || || || 6<abbr title="handsets">hs</abbr>,4<abbr title="simultaneous calls">sc</abbr> || |} ==== hard phones / ATAs ==== {| class="wikitable" ! HW !! price range !! voltage !! power consumption !! copper/Gbit !! PoE !! VLAN !! SIP !! lines !! extensible !! tested on [[FreeSWITCH]] |- | [[Cisco 79xx|Cisco 7905]] || € 10-50 || 48v || || 1/0 || ✓ || || ✓ || 1(?) || || ✓ |- | [[Cisco 79xx|Cisco 7910]] || || 48v || || 1/0 || ✓ || ✓ || || 6(?) || || ✓ |- | [[Cisco 79xx|Cisco 7940/7960]] || € 10-50 || 48v || 5W || 2/0 || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || 2/6 || ✓ || ✓ |- | [[Cisco 79xx|Cisco 7941/7961]] || || 48v || || 2/2(?) || ✓ || ✓ || ✓(?) || 2/6 || ✓ || |- | [[Avaya 4620SW]] || || 48v || || 2/0? || ✓ || ✓(?) || ✓(?) || ? || ✓ || |- | [[Telephone_system:Analog_Telephone_Adapter#Linksys_PAP2T|Linksys PAP2T]] || || 5v || 10W || 1/0 || ✓ || || ✓ || 2×FXS || || ✓ |- | [[Telephone_system:Analog_Telephone_Adapter#Sipura_SPA3000|Sipura SPA3000]] || || 5v || 7.5W || 1/0 || ✓ || || ✓ || 1×FXS 1×FXO || || ✓ |} === some power tests === ==== hardware ==== {| class="wikitable" ! hardware || power source || U || I || P<sub>approximated</sub> |- | two Raspberry Pis, step down || drill battery pack || 12.6V<sup>[1]</sup> || 330mA || 2×2W |- | Cisco CP7940, step up || drill battery pack || 12.6V<sup>[1]</sup> || 360mA - 450mA || 5W |- | rowspan="2" |Fritz!box (wifi off), direct || rowspan="2" | lab power supply || 12V || 360mA (idle) - 440mA<br/>(42% - 52%, top ~880mA) || 4.3W - 5.3W |- | 15V || 250mA (idle) || 3.8W |- | Netgear GS110TP PoE, step up || lab power supply || 12V || 330mA || 4W |- | Netgear GS110TP PoE +<br/>Cisco CP7940, step up || lab power supply || 12V || 740mA || 9W |- | rowspan="2" | Complete set: 2 RasPis,<br/>Fritz!box, switch,<br/>phone + cellphone charging || rowspan="2" | lab power supply || 12V || 2000mA || 24W |- | 13.8V || 1600mA || 22W |- | cellphone charging || lab power supply |||||| 5W<sup>[2]</sup> |- |- | A) Netgear, Pi, 7940, Gl.inet || SLA battery || 12V || || 12W<sup>[3]</sup> |- | B) Netgear, Pi, 7940, Gl.inet, Gigaset || SLA battery || 12V || || 13.3W<sup>[3]</sup> |- | C) Netgear, Pi, 7940, FritzBox || SLA battery || 12V || || 16.3W<sup>[3]</sup> |} :<sup>[1]</sup> Approximated by calculating deviation from the lab power supply combined values, which was about 5% off 12V :<sup>[2]</sup> Approximated by subtracting all calculated items from the complete setup :<sup>[3]</sup> Approximated by just adding up individual items, using Netgear GS110TP PoE, Raspberry Pi, Gl.inet, Siemens Gigaset N510 and/or Fritz!box ==== solar panel and battery ==== Did some rough estimations with a 15 Watt solar panel (using a [https://github.com/apollo-ng/UCSSPM/blob/master/ucsspm.py Unified Clear-Sky Solar Prediction Model script]): on a good summer day it will yield 240W in 17 hours (slightly below 15 megajoule), and on a clear winter day it will yield 25W in 7 hours (630 kilojoule). A 12v SLA battery is full with >12.85V, empty with 12.00V (at 25% capacity) and fully depleted at 11.80V. I came to the conclusion that the effective energy is about 9.5×Ah; given a 7Ah battery, this will yield about 66.5Wh. Given the hardware setups described in the [[#hardware_2|previous paragraph]] (note that these values are theoretical maximums): {| class="wikitable" ! scenario || battery run time || solar+battery run time (winter/summer) |- | A || 5:30h || 7:35h/25:30h |- | B || 5:00h || 6:55h/23:00h |- | C || 4:00h || 5:35h/18:45h |} <gallery> image:phone_running_on_battery.jpg|Cisco CP7940 running on a drill battery pack, shows 0.36A at approximately 12V image:guerilla_prototype.jpg|Complete Guerilla VoIP prototype running at 13.8V </gallery> === interesting facts === * Fritz!box has a switching regulator to 5V tested between 5.5V and 15V (drops off at 5.3V idle and <abbr title="Electrolytic capacitor">elco</abbr> at power supply segment is rated 16V) * [[Telephone_system:Cisco PoE hack|PoE hack adapter]] connected pin 1 (white-orange) and pin 3 (white-green) with 22K resistor. * if the pre-standard CP-79x0 is connected using the PoE adapter hack, the Netgear GS110TP doesn't power, when you unplug it, it will enable power within 5 seconds; plug in, and the phone boots. * if you configure the administrative VLAN, the phone will fetch a DHCP lease on that VLAN, allowing you to seperately set up dnsmasq on a Raspberry Pi == inventory == * Fritz!Boxes : 7270 (ADSL2+, 1×USB 2.0, a/b, S<sub>0</sub> [FXO], 2×FXS, S<sub>0</sub>-bus, n×DECT, 4×100Mbit, 2.4GHz or 5GHz, 64MB RAM) : 7340 (ADSL2+, VDSL, 2×USB 2.0, a/b, S<sub>0</sub> [FXO], 2×FXS, n×DECT, 2×Gbit, 2.4GHz or 5GHz, 128MB RAM) : 7340 (ADSL2+, VDSL, 2×USB 2.0, a/b, S<sub>0</sub> [FXO], 2×FXS, S<sub>0</sub>-bus, n×DECT, 4×100Mbit, 2.4GHz and 5GHz, 512MB RAM) * DECT phones : 2×Siemens AL28H : 2×Siemens A420 (PsychiC has one) : 2×Philips CD6552B : 2×Philips CD1302S : 1×Philips DECT1221S : 1×Profoon PDX2900 : + what's not yet inventoried at the space == log and ideas == A list of ideas to consider: * modular 3D insert for different single board computers * extra network outlet (since a single one is more or less useless) * float or CC/CV charger, MPPT solar charger * external antenna mount * temperature monitor Here is a log/some steps to reproduce: === get the basics === <pre>apt-get install vlan dnsmasq make curl</pre> === create and install FreeSWITCH === see https://freeswitch.org/confluence/display/FREESWITCH/Debian#Debian-BuildingFromSource <pre>cd /usr/src curl https://freeswitch.org/stash/projects/FS/repos/freeswitch/browse/build/Makefile.centos6?raw > Makefile</pre> If you want to compile and install STABLE branch, edit the above Makefile and add " -b v1.4 " just after the word "clone". <pre>make && make install</pre> * ''(you can kill time by doing the other chapters)'' create user 'freeswitch', add it to group 'daemon' and change owner and group of the freeswitch installation <pre>cd /usr/local adduser --disabled-password --quiet --system --home /usr/local/freeswitch --gecos "FreeSWITCH Voice Platform" --ingroup daemon freeswitch chown -R freeswitch:daemon /usr/local/freeswitch/ chmod -R ug=rwX,o= /usr/local/freeswitch/ chmod -R u=rwx,g=rx /usr/local/freeswitch/bin/*</pre> === prepare VLAN === <pre>modprobe 8021q lsmod | grep 8021q echo 8021q >> /etc/modules vconfig set_name_type DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD</pre> === set-up network and VLAN === <pre>vi /etc/network/interfaces</pre> <pre>auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 # dhcp configuration, used in normal operation (this connects to your internet) iface eth0 inet dhcp # static ip configuration, used for stand-alone preconfiguring factory-reset phones #iface eth0 inet static # address 192.168.6.1 # netmask 255.255.255.0 # gateway 192.168.6.1 # operational VLAN 11 (pick any), for usage with VoIP auto eth0.11 iface eth0.11 inet static address 192.168.11.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan-raw-device eth0</pre> === dnsmasq === <pre>vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf</pre> <pre># uncomment to enable dhcp server on eth0, used for stand-alone preconfiguring factory-reset phones #interface=eth0 # operational VLAN 11 (pick any), for usage with VoIP interface=eth0.11 # Choose different ranges for each (V)LAN dhcp-range=eth0,192.168.6.50,192.168.6.150,12h dhcp-range=eth0.11,192.168.11.50,192.168.11.150,12h # Most likeley not needed #option:tftp-server #dhcp-option=66,192.168.6.1 #option: #dhcp-option=150,192.168.178.16 # Enable dnsmasq's built-in TFTP server to serve config files enable-tftp # Set the root directory for files available via FTP. tftp-root=/srv/tftp</pre> Create the ''/srv/tftp'' directory and put the configs and firmwares in it. [[Media:gencfg.tar|Here is a config generator]] you can put in there (sorry, can't provide the firmwares since "I don't have them"). <pre>service dnsmasq restart</pre> or <pre>/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart</pre> === toggleconfig script === <pre>#!/bin/bash restart_services() { trap -- SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM service dnsmasq stop > /dev/null #nohup sh -c "invoke-rc.d networking stop; sleep 2; invoke-rc.d networking start" invoke-rc.d networking stop > /dev/null sleep 2 invoke-rc.d networking start > /dev/null service dnsmasq start > /dev/null trap clean_up SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM } clean_up() { # reset gpio pin and led echo "11" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness echo none > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger echo done exit } if [ ! -f /etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular ]; then echo "/etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular does not exist"; exit; fi if [ ! -f /etc/dnsmasq.conf.config ]; then echo "/etc/dnsmasq.conf.config does not exist"; exit; fi if [ ! -f /etc/network/interfaces.regular ]; then echo "/etc/network/interfaces.regular does not exist"; exit; fi if [ ! -f /etc/network/interfaces.config ]; then echo "/etc/network/interfaces.config does not exist"; exit; fi trap clean_up SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM echo "11" > /sys/class/gpio/export echo "in" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/direction while true; do echo "regular mode" echo none > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger # regular config files cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular /etc/dnsmasq.conf cp /etc/network/interfaces.regular /etc/network/interfaces restart_services while [ `cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/value` -gt 0 ]; do echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness sleep 0.05 echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness sleep 3 done echo "config mode" echo "heartbeat" > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger # regular config files cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf.config /etc/dnsmasq.conf cp /etc/network/interfaces.config /etc/network/interfaces restart_services while [ `cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/value` -le 0 ]; do sleep 3; done done</pre> === preconfigure phone === * Connect the phone directly using a (optionally crosslink) ethernet cable. * Power the phone, and hold # until the red (mute) light is off and the phone states: "Reset sequence detected" * type 123456789*0#, and when asked to keep network config, choose 2=no * once the new firmware is loaded (Freeswitch is not running, so it won't connect), press 'settings' (checkbox button at the bottom right) * go to Admin. VLAN ID * type **# to unlock the setting, and press 'edit' * type in your voice VLAN (11 like the configs say) * press validate, and save * dnsmasq and interfaces configs can now be restored (no dhcp on eth0, only eth0.11) * nohup sh -c "invoke-rc.d networking stop; sleep 2; invoke-rc.d networking start" == todo == * work out 'modus operandi': multiple config files switchable by phone * work on dual linux config with GPIO hardware switch * test the fibre ports * add homeplug as a proof of concept * design and create (or buy) small-sized float charger (13.8V 2A) with overcurrent protection, if needed == links == Some random links: * https://www.agentschaptelecom.nl/onderwerpen/telekwetsbaarheid * https://www.agentschaptelecom.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/maart/21/zonder-stroom-ook-geen-telecommunicatie * https://tweakers.net/nieuws/136473/nederlanders-zijn-onvoorbereid-op-uitval-van-communicatie-bij-stroomstoring.html [[Category:Telephony]][[Category:FreeSWITCH]][[Category:PD Type-C]]
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