Guerrilla VoIP

Project: Guerrilla VoIP
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State	Active
Members	xopr
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Description	low cost communication node
Picture

synopsis

Try to:

• connect anything that can carry a voice channel, or, preferably, a data channel
• feed from any (cheap/renewable) energy source
• make it weather resistant and transportable
• consider standards

• 

  Guerilla VoIP in active use (as a temporary set up of the space phone)

• 

  After my setup was running, I came across a real world example: a defense set-up. I found the similarities hillarious.

implementation

connect anything that can carry a voice/data channel

• copper/fibre/WiFi network
• DECT/POTS/GSM telephony
• SIP/SCCP
• HAM radio (or preferrably, CB radio: 27MC/PMR)
• copper/WiFi/USB uplink

feed from any energy source

cheap/renewable:

• solar power support

  this is the easiest renewable energy source: panels are affordable and the sun is more ore less abundant.

• battery backup support preferred

  a sealed lead acid (SLA) battery is affordable, easy to come by, easy to charge and maintenance free. Their downside is bulkiness and weight. 12V 7Ah is a good ratio between weight and energy.

weather resistant and transportable

Make sure the electronics are encased in a sturdy, weatherproof housing. It should also be easily transportable and affordable.

The best thing that will apply is an ammo case from an army surplus shop.

consider standards

electrically

• mains input: 100-250V~ 50-60Hz
• internal voltage rails:
  • 5V: standard for raspberry pi and some network devices
  • 12V: battery 'standard' and standard for other network devices
  • 48V: Power over Ethernet and telephony standard

connectors

• MC4 connectors: solar
• Anderson powerpole plug: UPS
• cigarette lighter plug (ANSI/SAE J563): cars
• powerlet plug (ISO 4165): alternative/old cars and motorcycles
• double banana plug (19mm/0.75" spacing): equipment standard

current version

The current version has:

• ammo box
• 7Ah SLA battery
• banana/screw terminal
• weatherproof ethernet outlet
• 12-volt cigarette lighter receptacle
• 3D printed insert
• fuse box
• switches for device targeting power and power state preview
• Netgear GS110TP (8xPoE + 2xSFP)
• a couple Telephone system:Cisco PoE hack cable, but the switch supports pre-standard PoE
• electronics:

  1 on-off-on momentarily 3-pole double throw: battery/external/outlet input and voltage rail status

  3 on-off-on switch 1-pole double throw: source-destination rail (application/charge)

  6 fuses (1, 1, 4, 4, 7.5, 7.5) for 5V rail, 10-15V rail, 48V rail, outlet, battery, ext. power

  3 LEDs 2v 20mA

  6 resistors (4x600R, 225R, 150R)

  2 10W resistors (2R, 20R)

  2 schottky diodes 4-10A

  2 DC-DC converters (5V 3A, 48V 1.25A)

  3 crowbar circuits (5V, 15V, 48V)

todo

• upload models and schematics
• 3D print inlay for Switch/PI holder
• install fuses and crowbar circuit
• install state leds
• install step-down converter 12->5V
• install step-up converter 12v->48V
• Raspberry PI or Orange PI
• NL dialplan (FS/Cisco)

prototyping

USB PD (USB-C)

It is possible to power the PoE switch with two USB-C powerbank for off-the-grid usage, ideal for a hackers on a bike tour. All you need is:

• 2 USB-C powerbanks that supports 20V (like the Xiaomi Mi Powerbank 3, sometimes as low as €35,- each)

ideally, pass-through/UPS USB-C power banks like the Zmi PowerPack No. 20 Model QB826G would be best, but they're 4 times as expensive

• 2 USB-C to USB-C cables
• 2 ZY12PDN USB-C Fast Charge Trigger Poll Detector, set to 20V, connected in series (around €5,- each)
• a barrel jack 5.5x2.5mm to power the switch

See the PCB in this picture to get an idea.

Note that since the banks are connected in series, one shield/ground is lifted 20 volts; don't let any USB ground touch the other powerbank's ground in any way (also goes for the USB-A ports in this set-up; it will fail spectacularly)!

hardware

connectivity/infra

HW	price range	voltage	power consumption	copper/Gbit	PoE	fibre	VLAN	2.4GHz	5GHz	DSL	ISDN	POTS	DECT	USB
Fritz!Box 7270	€ 50-213	5.5-15v	4.3W - 5.3W	4/0			?	✓	✓	✓	✓	2×FXS / 1×FXO	5 (6?)hs	1×2.0
GL-Inet	€22-30	5v	1W	2/0			✓	✓						1×2.0
TP WR-703n	€17-25	5v	1W	1/0			✓	✓						1×2.0
Netgear GS110TP	€126-140 (€99.64)	48v	4W	8/8	8	2	✓
TP Link TL-SG108PE	€65	48v	5.2w	8/8	4		✓
Siemens Gigaset N510 IP PRO	£53.94 (€65.39)	6.5v	1.2-1.3W	1/?	✓		✓						6hs,4sc

hard phones / ATAs

HW	price range	voltage	power consumption	copper/Gbit	PoE	VLAN	SIP	lines	extensible	tested on FreeSWITCH
Cisco 7905	€ 10-50	48v		1/0	✓		✓	1(?)		✓
Cisco 7910		48v		1/0	✓	✓		6(?)		✓
Cisco 7940/7960	€ 10-50	48v	5W	2/0	✓	✓	✓	2/6	✓	✓
Cisco 7941/7961		48v		2/2(?)	✓	✓	✓(?)	2/6	✓
Avaya 4620SW		48v		2/0?	✓	✓(?)	✓(?)	?	✓
Linksys PAP2T		5v	10W	1/0	✓		✓	2×FXS		✓
Sipura SPA3000		5v	7.5W	1/0	✓		✓	1×FXS 1×FXO		✓

some power tests

hardware

hardware	power source	U	I	Papproximated
two Raspberry Pis, step down	drill battery pack	12.6V[1]	330mA	2×2W
Cisco CP7940, step up	drill battery pack	12.6V[1]	360mA - 450mA	5W
Fritz!box (wifi off), direct	lab power supply	12V	360mA (idle) - 440mA (42% - 52%, top ~880mA)	4.3W - 5.3W
		15V	250mA (idle)	3.8W
Netgear GS110TP PoE, step up	lab power supply	12V	330mA	4W
Netgear GS110TP PoE + Cisco CP7940, step up	lab power supply	12V	740mA	9W
Complete set: 2 RasPis, Fritz!box, switch, phone + cellphone charging	lab power supply	12V	2000mA	24W
		13.8V	1600mA	22W
cellphone charging	lab power supply			5W[2]
A) Netgear, Pi, 7940, Gl.inet	SLA battery	12V		12W[3]
B) Netgear, Pi, 7940, Gl.inet, Gigaset	SLA battery	12V		13.3W[3]
C) Netgear, Pi, 7940, FritzBox	SLA battery	12V		16.3W[3]

^[1] Approximated by calculating deviation from the lab power supply combined values, which was about 5% off 12V

^[2] Approximated by subtracting all calculated items from the complete setup

^[3] Approximated by just adding up individual items, using Netgear GS110TP PoE, Raspberry Pi, Gl.inet, Siemens Gigaset N510 and/or Fritz!box

solar panel and battery

Did some rough estimations with a 15 Watt solar panel (using a Unified Clear-Sky Solar Prediction Model script): on a good summer day it will yield 240W in 17 hours (slightly below 15 megajoule), and on a clear winter day it will yield 25W in 7 hours (630 kilojoule).

A 12v SLA battery is full with >12.85V, empty with 12.00V (at 25% capacity) and fully depleted at 11.80V. I came to the conclusion that the effective energy is about 9.5×Ah; given a 7Ah battery, this will yield about 66.5Wh.

Given the hardware setups described in the previous paragraph (note that these values are theoretical maximums):

scenario	battery run time	solar+battery run time (winter/summer)
A	5:30h	7:35h/25:30h
B	5:00h	6:55h/23:00h
C	4:00h	5:35h/18:45h

• 

  Cisco CP7940 running on a drill battery pack, shows 0.36A at approximately 12V

• 

  Complete Guerilla VoIP prototype running at 13.8V

interesting facts

• Fritz!box has a switching regulator to 5V tested between 5.5V and 15V (drops off at 5.3V idle and elco at power supply segment is rated 16V)
• PoE hack adapter connected pin 1 (white-orange) and pin 3 (white-green) with 22K resistor.
• if the pre-standard CP-79x0 is connected using the PoE adapter hack, the Netgear GS110TP doesn't power, when you unplug it, it will enable power within 5 seconds; plug in, and the phone boots.
• if you configure the administrative VLAN, the phone will fetch a DHCP lease on that VLAN, allowing you to seperately set up dnsmasq on a Raspberry Pi

inventory

• Fritz!Boxes

7270 (ADSL2+, 1×USB 2.0, a/b, S₀ [FXO], 2×FXS, S₀-bus, n×DECT, 4×100Mbit, 2.4GHz or 5GHz, 64MB RAM)

7340 (ADSL2+, VDSL, 2×USB 2.0, a/b, S₀ [FXO], 2×FXS, n×DECT, 2×Gbit, 2.4GHz or 5GHz, 128MB RAM)

7340 (ADSL2+, VDSL, 2×USB 2.0, a/b, S₀ [FXO], 2×FXS, S₀-bus, n×DECT, 4×100Mbit, 2.4GHz and 5GHz, 512MB RAM)

• DECT phones

2×Siemens AL28H

2×Siemens A420 (PsychiC has one)

2×Philips CD6552B

2×Philips CD1302S

1×Philips DECT1221S

1×Profoon PDX2900

+ what's not yet inventoried at the space

log and ideas

A list of ideas to consider:

• modular 3D insert for different single board computers
• extra network outlet (since a single one is more or less useless)
• float or CC/CV charger, MPPT solar charger
• external antenna mount
• temperature monitor

Here is a log/some steps to reproduce:

get the basics

apt-get install vlan dnsmasq make curl

create and install FreeSWITCH

see https://freeswitch.org/confluence/display/FREESWITCH/Debian#Debian-BuildingFromSource

cd /usr/src
curl https://freeswitch.org/stash/projects/FS/repos/freeswitch/browse/build/Makefile.centos6?raw > Makefile

If you want to compile and install STABLE branch, edit the above Makefile and add " -b v1.4 " just after the word "clone".

make && make install

• (you can kill time by doing the other chapters)

create user 'freeswitch', add it to group 'daemon' and change owner and group of the freeswitch installation

cd /usr/local
adduser --disabled-password  --quiet --system --home /usr/local/freeswitch --gecos "FreeSWITCH Voice Platform" --ingroup daemon freeswitch
chown -R freeswitch:daemon /usr/local/freeswitch/
chmod -R ug=rwX,o= /usr/local/freeswitch/
chmod -R u=rwx,g=rx /usr/local/freeswitch/bin/*

prepare VLAN

modprobe 8021q
lsmod | grep 8021q
echo 8021q >> /etc/modules
vconfig set_name_type DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD

set-up network and VLAN

vi /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

# dhcp configuration, used in normal operation (this connects to your internet)
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# static ip configuration, used for stand-alone preconfiguring factory-reset phones
#iface eth0 inet static
#	address 192.168.6.1
#	netmask 255.255.255.0
#	gateway 192.168.6.1

# operational VLAN 11 (pick any), for usage with VoIP
auto eth0.11
iface eth0.11 inet static
    address 192.168.11.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    vlan-raw-device eth0

dnsmasq

vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# uncomment to enable dhcp server on eth0, used for stand-alone preconfiguring factory-reset phones
#interface=eth0
# operational VLAN 11 (pick any), for usage with VoIP
interface=eth0.11

# Choose different ranges for each (V)LAN
dhcp-range=eth0,192.168.6.50,192.168.6.150,12h
dhcp-range=eth0.11,192.168.11.50,192.168.11.150,12h

# Most likeley not needed
#option:tftp-server
#dhcp-option=66,192.168.6.1
#option:
#dhcp-option=150,192.168.178.16

# Enable dnsmasq's built-in TFTP server to serve config files
enable-tftp

# Set the root directory for files available via FTP.
tftp-root=/srv/tftp

Create the /srv/tftp directory and put the configs and firmwares in it. Here is a config generator you can put in there (sorry, can't provide the firmwares since "I don't have them").

service dnsmasq restart

or

/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart

toggleconfig script

#!/bin/bash

restart_services()
{
  trap -- SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM

  service dnsmasq stop > /dev/null
  #nohup sh -c "invoke-rc.d networking stop; sleep 2; invoke-rc.d networking start"
  invoke-rc.d networking stop > /dev/null
  sleep 2
  invoke-rc.d networking start > /dev/null
  service dnsmasq start > /dev/null

  trap clean_up SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
}

clean_up()
{
  # reset gpio pin and led
  echo "11" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport
  echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
  echo none > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger

  echo done
  exit
}

if [ ! -f /etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular ]; then echo "/etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular does not exist"; exit; fi
if [ ! -f /etc/dnsmasq.conf.config ]; then echo "/etc/dnsmasq.conf.config does not exist"; exit; fi
if [ ! -f /etc/network/interfaces.regular ]; then echo "/etc/network/interfaces.regular does not exist"; exit; fi
if [ ! -f /etc/network/interfaces.config ]; then echo "/etc/network/interfaces.config does not exist"; exit; fi

trap clean_up SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM

echo "11" > /sys/class/gpio/export
echo "in" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/direction

while true; do

  echo "regular mode"
  echo none > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger

  # regular config files
  cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf.regular /etc/dnsmasq.conf
  cp /etc/network/interfaces.regular /etc/network/interfaces

  restart_services

  while [ `cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/value` -gt 0 ]; do
    echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
    sleep 0.05
    echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
    sleep 3
  done

  echo "config mode"
  echo "heartbeat" > /sys/class/leds/led0/trigger

  # regular config files
  cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf.config /etc/dnsmasq.conf
  cp /etc/network/interfaces.config /etc/network/interfaces

  restart_services

  while [ `cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio11/value` -le 0 ]; do sleep 3; done

done

preconfigure phone

• Connect the phone directly using a (optionally crosslink) ethernet cable.
• Power the phone, and hold # until the red (mute) light is off and the phone states: "Reset sequence detected"
• type 123456789*0#, and when asked to keep network config, choose 2=no
• once the new firmware is loaded (Freeswitch is not running, so it won't connect), press 'settings' (checkbox button at the bottom right)
• go to Admin. VLAN ID
• type **# to unlock the setting, and press 'edit'
• type in your voice VLAN (11 like the configs say)
• press validate, and save
• dnsmasq and interfaces configs can now be restored (no dhcp on eth0, only eth0.11)
• nohup sh -c "invoke-rc.d networking stop; sleep 2; invoke-rc.d networking start"

todo

• work out 'modus operandi': multiple config files switchable by phone
• work on dual linux config with GPIO hardware switch
• test the fibre ports
• add homeplug as a proof of concept
• design and create (or buy) small-sized float charger (13.8V 2A) with overcurrent protection, if needed

links

Some random links:

• https://www.agentschaptelecom.nl/onderwerpen/telekwetsbaarheid
• https://www.agentschaptelecom.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/maart/21/zonder-stroom-ook-geen-telecommunicatie
• https://tweakers.net/nieuws/136473/nederlanders-zijn-onvoorbereid-op-uitval-van-communicatie-bij-stroomstoring.html